Two steps to use HAPPY-12K:

Two steps to use NoSAS*+MMP*:

Defination of each predictor in HAPPY-12K:

• Body mass index (BMI): weight-to-height ratio;
• Pre-operative mean arterial pressure (MAP): mean arterial pressure;
• Short neck with large circumference: presence of short/thick neck anatomy with neck circumference > 40 cm;
• Mallampati grade: oropharyngeal visibility classification;
• Limited jaw protrusion: inability to protrude mandible beyond maxilla;
• History of snoring: self-reported habitual snoring;
• Short thyromental distance: the straight-line distance between the upper border of the thyroid cartilage and the mentum with the head fully extended. A short thyromental distance is defined as less than 6.5 cm;
• Large tongue: participants were instructed to relax the tongue so that it rested at the level of the lower teeth. If the tongue extended above the occlusal surface of the mandible under this condition, it was classified as a large tongue.

Defination of each predictor in NoSAS*+MMP*:

• Age: physiological age at the surgery;
• Body mass index (BMI): weight-to-height ratio;
• Sex: gender determined by biological characteristics;
• Short neck with large circumference: presence of short/thick neck anatomy with neck circumference > 40 cm;
• Mallampati grade: oropharyngeal visibility classification;
• History of snoring: self-reported habitual snoring;